Toronto Estate Law Blog : Toronto Estate Lawyer : Hull & Hull Law Firm : Trust Mediation and Succession Planning : Serving Ontario, Ottawa, Mississauga, Hamilton

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The United State’s federal estate tax, more commonly known as the “Death Tax” is a tax applied to the transfer of a person’s assets at death. It is defined by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service as “a tax on your right to transfer property at your death.”

The Death Tax is paid by the recipients of an inheritance and is due within 9 months of the decedent’s death.   If there is not sufficient cash in the estate, personal property and business assets must be sold to pay the tax. 

As noted in one of our prior blogs, due to changes made by Congress during the George Bush administration back in 2001, the Death Tax was due to fall from 45% to 0% on January 1, 2010.  Many thought this loophole would be addressed before the start of the year. However, due to a Congressional tax standoff, no action was taken in time and the Death Tax has been repealed. However, the repeal is not permanent and the Death Tax is scheduled to be resurrected on January 1, 2010, at a rate of 55% on all assets above $1 million (the current exemption amount). 

It remains to be seen which way the political winds will blow, as Congress will likely address the issue this year. In the interim, estate planners in the U.S. are in uncharted territory, as no one can predict whether/when the Death Tax will be resurrected and if so, whether Congress will make it retroactive to the beginning of the year. This may ultimately be a matter for the courts to decide. Stay tuned!

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Ontario’s new harmonized sales tax is coming into effect on July 1, 2010. One of its effects will be to impose PST on funeral services: services that have previously been exempted from PST.

According to the harmonized sales tax, funeral services will now be taxed at the rate of 13%, up from 5%. The effect on a $5,000 funeral would be to raise the tax payable from $250 to $650.

The new harmonized tax may also have an effect on prepaid funeral services. According to a May 27, 2009 Toronto Star article, there are 224,257 prepaid funeral contracts in Ontario, and about 1 in 4 funerals in Ontario are prepaid.

The Ontario Minister of Finance has indicated that the government hopes to implement some sort of grandfathering clause, so that funeral services prepaid before a certain date remain exempted from the PST. However, nothing has been finalized yet. The cut-off date would likely be some time before July 1, 2010.

Those considering a prepaid funeral would be wise to complete their plans sooner rather than later. The new tax, like death, is approaching.

Thank you for reading.

Paul Trudelle

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It's Friday in late April. The May long weekend and all that cottage fuss is just around the corner.  (I like the cottage, but understandably a lot of people choose the backyard.)

In Ontario, we do not have inheritance tax like they do elsewhere, including the United Kingdom. In some cases, the several-generation home has to be sold to cover a £14,000 tax bill or, in one instance, a painting donated in lieu of inheritance tax of £700,000.

To be certain, we have taxes here. At death, often there is a deemed disposition of property unless steps have been taken in advance. An article from last year provides some thoughts on how one might plan to avoid the situation where the capital gains tax cripples an estate or the next generation.

Apparently, and maybe not surprisingly, the cottage market may be down by about 20% this season. Good news for buyers. Maybe it is also good news for those who are looking at estate planning this year. 

If the goal is to keep a cottage in the family, relative to the previous few years it might be an opportunity to trigger a disposition by transferring the property this season and, presumably, incurring a lower capital gain. Each situation requires specific tax advice. 

The economy is lousy but it might be a chance to avoid financial strain and family tension for the next generation.

Have a safe weekend, wherever you spend it.

Jonathan

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The 2009 federal Budget contains a few items relevant to Estates, particularly with respect to Registered Retirement Savings Plans (“RRSPs”). 

For a thorough review please see the 343-page document.  A Bloc Quebecois amendment to the Budget yesterday evening was defeated; Opposition Party amendments have yet to occur.  Budget speech to approval of the Budget motion could take up to four days.

While there are benefits for first-time home buyers in the Budget, and a host of infrastructure investments, not everyone is happy. Other media view the bad-time Budget as possibly providing the boost we need.

Regarding Estates, the Budget proposes that certain losses now be applied against terminal income – see page 318 of the Budget. The fair market value of investments held in an RRSP at the time of an RRSP annuitant’s death is generally included in the deceased’s income for the year of death. A subsequent increase in the value of the RRSP investments is generally included in the income of the RRSP beneficiaries upon distribution.

Similar rules apply in the case of Registered Retirement Income Funds (RRIFs). 

There is, however, no existing income tax provision to recognize a decrease in the value of RRSP or RRIF investments that occurs after the annuitant’s death and before they are distributed to beneficiaries.

Budget 2009 proposes to allow, upon the final distribution of property from a deceased annuitant’s RRSP or RRIF, the amount of post-death decreases in value of the RRSP or RRIF to be carried back and deducted against the year-of-death RRSP/RRIF income inclusion. The amount that may be carried back will generally be calculated as the difference between the amount in respect of the RRSP or RRIF included in the income of the annuitant as a result of his or her death and the total of all amounts paid out of the RRSP or RRIF after the death of the annuitant.

Assuming the Budget motion passes, this measure will apply in respect of deceased annuitants’ RRSPs or RRIFs where the final distribution from the RRSP or RRIF occurs after 2008.

This change, especially in this uncertain economy, might help to make a weak financial situation a bit more palatable.

Thank you for reading our blogs this week.  Enjoy your weekend. 

Jonathan

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Two certainties and a long-shot.

The Toronto Star reported on January 4, 2009 that on the day Donald Peters died, he unknowingly provided financial security for his wife of 59 years, and for their family.

Peters bought two Connecticut Lottery tickets on November 1, 2008. He died of a heart attack later that day. His wife, in her grief, didn’t check the tickets until some time later. In fact, she states that she almost threw them out before checking them. On January 2, 2009, she collected the winning prize of $10,000,000 (U.S.).

Considering this matter from an estate administration angle, a number of potential questions or issues arise.

For example, in Ontario, would Estate Administration Tax (“E.A.T.”) be payable on the winnings under the Estates Administration Tax Act? E.A.T. on $10,000,000 would be approximately $150,000.

E.A.T. under the Act is payable based on the “value of the estate”, the stripped-down definition of which is the value of all the property that belonged to the deceased at the time of his or her death. Presuming the lottery took place after death, the value of the ticket at the date of death would likely be its face value or purchase price. Until the lottery takes place, a $1 ticket is, in most cases, only worth $1. (Believe me, I’ve tried to sell them for more, but my family wouldn’t pay my asking price, no matter how lucky I told them the ticket was.)

However, if the draw was pre-death, but the ticket wasn’t checked until post-death, then one would presume that the winnings would need to be included as property belonging to the deceased at the time of death, and E.A.T. would be payable on the winnings.

Good luck and good health,

Paul Trudelle

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It’s just about tax time, so I thought I would briefly discuss the taxation of executor compensation.

The basic premise is that executor compensation is taxable in the hands of the recipient. It is either income from an office or employment (if the executor is not in the business of being an executor) or income from a business (if the executor is in the business of being an executor, or if such a function is in the executor’s usual course of business). Various consequences flow from the distinction, such as allowable deductions, and withholding requirements for EI and CPP.

CRA takes this obligation to report executor compensation quite seriously. An example of the lengths to which CRA will go is found in the decision of Oolup v. The Queen. There, Ms. Oolup, the executor held a joint account with her grandmother, the deceased. She was advised by her lawyer that upon the death of the deceased, the joint account became hers, by right of survivorship. However, for “reasons of family harmony”, she decided to keep only $10,000 from the joint account, and divided the rest with the deceased’s next of kin.

CRA took the position that the $10,000 was executor compensation, and was therefore taxable, and they assessed Ms. Oolup accordingly. To get to this point, they argued that the joint account was held on a resulting trust for the estate. The CRA argued that the presumption of resulting trust applied, and was not rebutted. Accordingly, they asserted that Ms. Oolup received the $10,000 from the estate, as executor compensation.

Luckily for Ms. Oolup, she was able to rebut the presumption, and the court found that the joint account funds became her property upon the death of the deceased. She received the money by right of survivorship. Therefore, her keeping $10,000 was not receipt of compensation by her, and was not to be included in her income.

Thank you for reading,

Paul Trudelle